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Whitny Braun is an American bioethicist featured on the National Geographic Channel television program "Taboo"〔https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kGMHbNlVqUw〕 known for her research with regard to the Jain practice of Sallekhana〔Braun, W. M. (2008). "Sallekhana: the ethicality and legality of religious suicide by starvation in the Jain religious community." Medicine and Law 27(4): 913-924.〕〔Braun, W. (2007). "Sallekhana: Consideraciones Eticas Y Juridicas Sobre El Suicidio Por Inanicion en la Comunidad Religiosa Jainita." Anales de Derecho - Universidad de Murcia 25: 415-428.〕〔http://articles.latimes.com/2012/aug/19/local/la-me-0819-lopez-dyingwell-20120819〕 and the Parsi practice of Dakhmenashini. She has served as the Director of the Centers for South Asian Religious Traditions at Claremont Lincoln University and currently serves as Claremont Lincoln's Director of Educational Programming. She is also affiliated with the Center for Christian Bioethics at Loma Linda University in Loma Linda, California and earned a PhD in theology, ethics and cultural studies at Claremont Graduate University. Additionally Braun has published on the topic of healthcare in the American prison system, specifically with regard to organ donation and the death penalty.〔The Eighth Amendment Dichotomy: The Clinical and Legal Debate Over Prisoner's Constitutional Right to Healthcare and Organ Transplantation. (2009). In Francisco Manuel García Costa & María Magnolia Pardo López (Eds.), Retos Del Derecho En El Siglo XXI (pp. 131-155). Valencia, Spain: Ediciones de la Universidad De Murcia.〕 Her current research focuses on the ongoing legal battle over Sallekhana in the Indian courts and possible American legal precedent for the practice. She has spoken at several international conferences about Christian, Jewish and Muslim philosophical approaches to artificial reproductive technology, specifically heterologous embryo transfer and the embryo industry in the United States as well as the ethics of disaster management strategies in Haiti. Most recently she has been published in "Natural Transitions" magazine, a publication which examines options for the dying process.〔http://www.naturaltransitions.org/nt-magazine/free-e-version/〕 == Sallekhana == In 2006 human rights activist Nikhil Soni and his lawyer Madhav Mishra, filed a Public Interest Litigation with the Rajasthan High Court. The PIL claimed that Sallekhana should be considered to be suicide under the Indian legal statute. They argued that Article 21 of the Indian constitution only guarantees the right to life, but not to death.() The petition extends to those who facilitate individuals taking the vow of with aiding and abetting an act of suicide. In response, the Jain community argued that it is a violation of the Indian Constitution’s guarantee of religious freedom.() It was argued that Sallekhana serves as a means of coercing widows and elderly relatives into taking their own lives.() After being in India for the initial legal battle over Sallekhana in 2006 Braun presented the first academic paper on Sallekhana before the UNESCO Chair in Bioethics Conference in Eilat, Israel in 2007. This landmark case sparked debate in India, where national bioethical guidelines have been in place since 1980.〔Kumar, Nandini K. (2006). "Bioethics activities in India". Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 12 (Suppl 1): S56–65.〕 But it also raised the question of Sallekhana in the United States. Braun documented the final days of a woman who took Sallekhana in Texas in 2013 named Dr. Bhagwati Gada. In August 2015, the Rajasthan High Court stated that the practice is not an essential tenet of Jainism and banned the practice making it punishable under section 306 and 309 (Abetment of Suicide) of the Indian Penal Code.〔 "Rajasthan HC bans starvation ritual 'Santhara', says fasting unto death not essential tenet of Jainism". IBNlive. 2015-08-10. Retrieved 2015-08-10.〕 On August 31, 2015 advocates Dhawal Jiwan Mehta and Krishna Balaji Moorthy of the law firm of Wadia Ghandy in Mumbai argued a Special Leave Petition before the Supreme Court of India to have the August 10th, 2015 ruling of the High Court of Rajasthan against Sallekhana overturned. The appeal featured excerpts from Braun's dissertation arguing the philosophical and legal nature of the act of Sallekhana. The Supreme Court overturned the ruling of the High Court of Rajasthan temporarily, allowing Jains to continue practicing Sallekhana, until the Supreme Court can fully engage the issue with regard to the constitutionality of the act. This process could take up to three to five years. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Whitny Braun」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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